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Nutrients May 2020Dry mouth, hyposalivation, or xerostomia is a significant problem in diabetic patients; however, there has been no way to relieve these symptoms. This study's aim was to...
Dry mouth, hyposalivation, or xerostomia is a significant problem in diabetic patients; however, there has been no way to relieve these symptoms. This study's aim was to evaluate the effects of (IXD) in combination with lactobacillus extract on the salivation rate in diabetes-induced dry mouth, and its mechanism was also investigated. In the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model, the dry mouth condition was established as a model. Here, rats were treated with water or IXD through the sublingual spray, and subsequently treated with or without a spray of lactobacillus extract. In diabetes condition, the salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and aquaporin-5 and Na/H exchanger (NHE-1) expressions were markedly decreased, whereas they were more significantly recovered in the sequential treatment of IXD-lactobacillus extract than in each single treatment. Furthermore, oxidative stress and its related ER stress response were especially regulated in the IXD/lactobacillus extract condition, where the following anti-oxidative enzymes, glutathione assay (GSH: GSSG) ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were involved. This study suggests that the combination of IXD and lactobacillus would be a potential alternative medicine against diabetes-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Animals; Asteraceae; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Lactobacillus gasseri; Oral Sprays; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Salivation; Xerostomia
PubMed: 32392818
DOI: 10.3390/nu12051331 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2015The human body is colonized by a vast number of microorganisms collectively referred to as the human microbiota. One of the main microbiota body sites is the female... (Review)
Review
The human body is colonized by a vast number of microorganisms collectively referred to as the human microbiota. One of the main microbiota body sites is the female genital tract, commonly dominated by Lactobacillus spp., in approximately 70% of women. Each individual species can constitute approximately 99% of the ribotypes observed in any individual woman. The most frequently isolated species are Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus iners. Residing at the port of entry of bacterial and viral pathogens, the vaginal Lactobacillus species can create a barrier against pathogen invasion since mainly products of their metabolism secreted in the cervicovaginal fluid can play an important role in the inhibition of bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota appears to be a good biomarker for a healthy vaginal ecosystem. This balance can be rapidly altered during processes such as menstruation, sexual activity, pregnancy and various infections. An abnormal vaginal microbiota is characterized by an increased diversity of microbial species, leading to a condition known as bacterial vaginosis. Information on the vaginal microbiota can be gathered from the analysis of cervicovaginal fluid, by using the Nugent scoring or the Amsel's criteria, or at the molecular level by investigating the number and type of Lactobacillus species. However, when translating this to the clinical setting, it should be noted that the absence of a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota does not appear to directly imply a diseased condition or dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the widely documented beneficial role of vaginal Lactobacillus species demonstrates the potential of data on the composition and activity of lactobacilli as biomarkers for vaginal health. The substantiation and further validation of such biomarkers will allow the design of better targeted probiotic strategies.
PubMed: 25859220
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00081 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred and fifty-four isolates from the saliva, subgingival, and tongue plaque of 59 periodontitis patients and 59 healthy individuals were analyzed. Oral Lactobacillus species were identified through the culture method in the modified MRS medium and confirmed by molecular testing. Moreover, the radial diffusion assay and cell culture methods were used to determine the antibacterial activities of oral strains against oral pathogens and their adhesion activity in vitro.
RESULTS
67.7% of the cases and 75.7% of the control samples were positive for the Lactobacillus species. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were the dominant species in the case group, whereas Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were dominant in the control group. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher antibacterial effects against oral pathogens. Moreover, Ligilactobacillus salivarius and L. fermentum demonstrated the highest ability to adhere to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite.
CONCLUSION
L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius can be introduced as probiotic candidates since they demonstrated appropriate adherence to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite and also antibacterial activities. However, further studies should be conducted to assess the safety of probiotic interventions using these strains in patients with periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hydroxyapatites
PubMed: 37078410
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.740 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2021Diverse strains are widely used as probiotic cultures in the dairy and dietary supplement industries, and specific strains, such as NCFM, have been engineered for the...
Diverse strains are widely used as probiotic cultures in the dairy and dietary supplement industries, and specific strains, such as NCFM, have been engineered for the development of biotherapeutics. To expand the manipulation toolbox with enhanced efficiency and ease, we present here a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)-SpyCas9 nickase (Cas9)-based system for programmable engineering of NCFM, a model probiotic bacterium. Successful single-plasmid delivery system was achieved with the engineered pLbCas9 vector harboring under the regulation of a promoter and a cloning region for a customized single guide RNA (sgRNA) and editing template. The functionality of the pLbCas9 system was validated in NCFM with targeted chromosomal deletions ranging between 300 bp and 1.9 kb at various loci (, , and ), yielding 35 to 100% mutant recovery rates. Genome analysis of the mutants confirmed precision and specificity of the pLbCas9 system. To showcase the versatility of this system, we also inserted an mCherry fluorescent-protein gene downstream of the gene to create a polycistronic transcript. The pLbCas9 system was further deployed in other species to generate a concurrent single-base substitution and gene deletion in ATCC 33323 and an in-frame gene deletion in Lpc-37, highlighting the portability of the system in phylogenetically distant species, where its targeting activity was not interfered with by endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems. Collectively, these editing outcomes illustrate the robustness and versatility of the pLbCas9 system for genome manipulations in diverse lactobacilli and open new avenues for the engineering of health-promoting lactic acid bacteria. This work describes the development of a lactobacillus CRISPR-based editing system for genome manipulations in three species belonging to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are commonly known for their long history of use in food fermentations and as indigenous members of healthy microbiotas and for their emerging roles in human and animal commercial health-promoting applications. We exploited the established CRISPR-SpyCas9 nickase for flexible and precise genome editing applications in and further demonstrated the efficacy of this universal system in two distantly related species. This versatile Cas9-based system facilitates genome engineering compared to conventional gene replacement systems and represents a valuable gene editing modality in species that do not possess native CRISPR-Cas systems. Overall, this portable tool contributes to expanding the genome editing toolbox of LAB for studying their health-promoting mechanisms and engineering of these beneficial microbes as next-generation vaccines and designer probiotics.
Topics: CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Deoxyribonuclease I; Gene Editing; Genome, Bacterial; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
PubMed: 33397707
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02669-20 -
Nutrients Sep 2022Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurring inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unclear etiology, but it is thought to be related to factors like...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurring inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unclear etiology, but it is thought to be related to factors like immune abnormalities and gut microbial dysbiosis. Probiotics can regulate host immunity and gut microbiota; thus, we investigated the alleviation effect and mechanism of the strain Lactobacillus gasseri G098 (G098) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Three groups of mice (n = 8 per group) were included: normal control (NC), DSS-induced colitis mice (DSS), and colitis mice given strain (G098). Our results showed that administering G098 effectively reversed DSS-induced colitis-associated symptoms (mitigating weight loss, reducing disease activity index and pathology scores; p < 0.05 in all cases) and prevented DSS-induced mortality (62.5% in DSS group; 100% in G098 group). The mortality rate and symptom improvement by G098 administration was accompanied by a healthier serum cytokine balance (significant decreases in serum pro-inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-6 [p < 0.05], IL-1β [p < 0.01], and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [p < 0.001], and significant increase in the serum anti-inflammatory factor IL-13 [p < 0.01], compared with DSS group) and gut microbiome modulation (characterized by a higher gut microbiota diversity [p < 0.05], significantly more Firmicutes and Lachnoclostridium [p < 0.05], significantly fewer Bacteroidetes [p < 0.05], and significant higher gene abundances of sugar degradation-related pathways [p < 0.05], compared with DSS-treated group). Taken altogether, our results suggested that G098 intake could mitigate DSS-induced colitis through modulating host immunity and gut microbiome, and strain treatment is a promising strategy for managing IBD.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-6; Lactobacillus gasseri; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Sugars; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36145120
DOI: 10.3390/nu14183745 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Gut microbiota imbalance is associated with the occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Thus, its modulation is a promising strategy to restore gut microbiota...
Gut microbiota imbalance is associated with the occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Thus, its modulation is a promising strategy to restore gut microbiota and improve intestinal health in the obese. This paper examines the role of probiotics, antimicrobials, and diet in modulating gut microbiota and improving intestinal health. Accordingly, obesity was induced in C57BL/6J mice, after which they were redistributed and fed with an obesogenic diet (intervention A) or standard AIN-93 diet (intervention B). Concomitantly, all the groups underwent a treatment phase with LG-G12, ceftriaxone, or ceftriaxone followed by LG-G12. At the end of the experimental period, the following analysis was conducted: metataxonomic analysis, functional profiling of gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and caecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids. High-fat diet impaired bacterial diversity/richness, which was counteracted in association with LG-G12 and the AIN-93 diet. Additionally, SCFA-producing bacteria were negatively correlated with high intestinal permeability parameters, which was further confirmed via functional profile prediction of the gut microbiota. A novel perspective on anti-obesity probiotics is presented by these findings based on the improvement of intestinal health irrespective of undergoing antimicrobial therapy or not.
PubMed: 36900609
DOI: 10.3390/foods12051092 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2017To confirm the stress-relieving effects of heat-inactivated, enteric-colonizing Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (paraprobiotic CP2305) in medical students taking a cadaver...
AIMS
To confirm the stress-relieving effects of heat-inactivated, enteric-colonizing Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (paraprobiotic CP2305) in medical students taking a cadaver dissection course.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Healthy students (21 males and 11 females) took paraprobiotic CP2305 daily for 5 weeks during a cadaver dissection course. The General Health Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed to assess stress-related somatic symptoms and sleep quality respectively. The aggravation of stress-associated somatic symptoms was observed in female students (P = 0·029). Sleep quality was improved in the paraprobiotic CP2305 group (P = 0·038), particularly in men (P = 0·004). Among men, paraprobiotic CP2305 shortened sleep latency (P = 0·035) and increased sleep duration (P = 0·048). Diarrhoea-like symptoms were also effectively controlled with CP2305 (P = 0·005) in men. Thus, we observed sex-related differences in the effects of paraprobiotic CP2305. In addition, CP2305 affected the growth of faecal Bacteroides vulgatus and Dorea longicatena, which are involved in intestinal inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
CP2305 is a potential paraprobiotic that regulates stress responses, and its beneficial effects may depend on specific cell component(s).
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study characterizes the effects of a stress-relieving para-psychobiotic in humans.
Topics: Adult; Feces; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus gasseri; Male; Probiotics; Sex Factors; Sleep; Stress, Psychological; Students, Medical
PubMed: 28948675
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13594 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Probiotics are defined as live organisms in the host that contribute to health benefits. Lactobacillus gasseri LM1065, isolated from human breast milk, was investigated...
Probiotics are defined as live organisms in the host that contribute to health benefits. Lactobacillus gasseri LM1065, isolated from human breast milk, was investigated for its probiotic properties based on its genome. Draft genome map and de novo assembly were performed using the PacBio RS II system and hierarchical genome assembly process (HGAP). Probiotic properties were determined by the resistance to gastric conditions, adherence ability, enzyme production, safety assessment and mobile genetic elements. The fungistatic effect and inhibition of hyphae transition were studied using the cell-free supernatant (CFS). L. gasseri LM1065 showed high gastric pepsin tolerance and mild tolerance to bile salts. Auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity were measured to be 61.21% and 61.55%, respectively. The adherence to the human intestinal epithelial cells was measured to be 2.02%. Antibiotic-resistance genes and putative virulence genes were not predicted in the genomic analysis, and antibiotic susceptibility was satisfied by the criteria of the European Food Safety Authority. CFS showed a fungistatic effect and suppressed the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Candida albicans (29.02%). CFS also inhibited the transition to true hyphae and damaged the blastoconidia. This study demonstrates the essential properties of this novel probiotic, L. gasseri LM1065, and potential to inhibit vaginal C. albicans infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lactobacillus gasseri; Intestines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Food Industry; Probiotics
PubMed: 37500806
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39454-2 -
Exploring the Relationship between Salivary Levels of TNF-α, Obesity, and Caries in Early Childhood.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022This research aimed to explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus gasseri (L....
This research aimed to explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), obesity, and early childhood caries. After caries and obesity diagnosis based on the WHO criteria, 94 preschoolers were assessed. Unstimulated saliva was collected for analysis of TNF-α by the Milliplex system and for L. acidophilus and L. gasseri using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In obese children, each unit increase in the body mass index (BMI), and the TNF-α levels was associated with a one-time increase in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, in eutrophic preschoolers, the presence of L. gasseri and L. acidophilus was linked, respectively, to an increase of 3.04 and 1.59 times in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05); in obese children, the presence of L. acidophilus was not significant (p > 0.05) and L. gasseri was shown as a possible protective indicator (RR:0.49−p < 0.05). In conclusion, TNF-α and BMI were connected to carious lesions only in obese preschoolers, suggesting that inflammation could be underscored when both pathologies are concomitant. The presence of both species of lactobacilli investigated was connected with early childhood caries in eutrophic children, whereas in obese children only L. gasseri was significant, and in an opposite way, reinforcing that obesity can modulate oral bacteria.
PubMed: 35631100
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050579 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease, and the intestinal barrier is an important line of defense against intestinal disease....
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease, and the intestinal barrier is an important line of defense against intestinal disease. Herein, we investigated the effect of JM1 at different doses (1 × 10, 1 × 10, 1 × 10 CFU/day) on colitis mice and explored the possible mechanism. The results showed that JM1 alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, with reductions in disease activity index (DAI), histological scores and myeloperoxidase activity as well as alleviation of colonic shortening. Furthermore, JM1 regulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10; restored the expression of Claudin-3, Occludin, ZO-1, and MUC2; and increased the number of goblet cells and acidic mucin. The 16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that intervention with JM1 balanced the gut microbiota structure by elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria (, and ) and decreasing that of harmful bacteria ( and ). Meanwhile, the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased. In conclusion, JM1 could alleviate intestinal barrier damage in colitis mice by modulating the tight junction structures, intestinal mucus layer, inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota, and SCFAs. It can be considered a potential preventive strategy to alleviate colitis injury.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Lactobacillus gasseri; Colitis; Intestines; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytokines; Colon; Feces; Dextran Sulfate; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36615796
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010139